1. Responsibilities of Authors

1.1. Originality and Plagiarism

Authors must ensure that their work is original and has not been published elsewhere. All sources must be properly cited. Plagiarism in any form—including self-plagiarism—is unacceptable and will lead to immediate rejection or retraction.

1.2. Data Integrity

Authors should provide accurate data and methodologies. Falsification, fabrication, or selective reporting of data is unethical and prohibited.

1.3. Multiple Submissions

Simultaneous submission to more than one journal is unethical publishing behavior and will not be tolerated.

1.4. Authorship

Only individuals who have made substantial contributions to the research and manuscript preparation should be listed as authors. All co-authors must approve the final version and agree to its submission.

1.5. Conflicts of Interest

Authors must disclose any financial or personal relationships that may influence the research or its interpretation.

1.6. Ethics Approval

For research involving human or animal subjects, appropriate ethics committee approval must be obtained and clearly stated in the manuscript.

2. Responsibilities of Editors

2.1. Fair Evaluation

Editors evaluate manuscripts solely on the basis of their scholarly merit, originality, clarity, and relevance, without regard to the authors' race, gender, nationality, institutional affiliation, or political beliefs.

2.2. Confidentiality

Editors and editorial staff must not disclose information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and the publisher.

2.3. Conflicts of Interest

Editors must avoid handling manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest.

2.4. Decision Making

Editors must ensure a fair and timely peer-review process and make publication decisions based on reviewer recommendations and journal standards.

3. Responsibilities of Reviewers

3.1. Confidentiality

Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents and must not be shared or discussed with others.

3.2. Objectivity

Reviews should be conducted objectively and constructively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate.

3.3. Disclosure of Conflicts

Reviewers should declare any potential conflicts of interest and recuse themselves from reviewing if a conflict exists.

3.4. Acknowledgment of Sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work not cited by the authors and alert editors to any substantial similarity or overlap with other published papers.

4. Publisher Responsibilities

Global Scholars Publishers is committed to supporting the editorial process and maintaining academic integrity. We ensure:

• Adherence to COPE guidelines.

• Investigation of all suspected misconduct, with appropriate actions including corrections, retractions, or bans when necessary.

• Archiving and long-term preservation of published content.

• Transparency in article processing charges and editorial practices.

5. Misconduct and Retractions

In cases of proven scientific misconduct (e.g., plagiarism, data fabrication, ethical violations), Global Scholars Publishers will:

• Issue corrections, expressions of concern, or retractions as needed.

• Notify affected parties (e.g., institutions, indexing bodies).

• Ban authors from future submissions, depending on the severity.

6. Whistleblower Policy

Anyone can report suspected misconduct by contacting the editorial office. All reports are investigated confidentially and thoroughly, with the identity of the whistleblower protected whenever possible.

7. Appeals and Complaints

Authors may appeal editorial decisions or lodge complaints by contacting the journal's editorial office. Appeals will be reviewed fairly by an independent editorial committee.